Hybridisation between host races broadens the host range of offspring in Eotetranychus asiaticus (Acari: Tetranychidae).

Abstract

Host adaptation in herbivorous arthropods is one of the first steps to sympatric speciation, and spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) are useful model organisms for studying this phenomenon. Many researchers have studied the process of host adaptation via artificial selection experiments. Recent analyses suggest that hybridisation has diversified host ranges, although empirical evidence is scarce. We explored the host exploitation of two strains of Eotetranychus asiaticus established from Ternstroemia gymnanthera (Pentaphylacaceae) and Japanese cinnamon, Cinnamomum yabunikkei (Lauraceae), and evaluated the effect of hybridisation on offspring host use. Transplant experiments showed that females oviposited and immature mites developed only on their native hosts, suggesting specialisation to the secondary metabolites of each host plant. However, F1 hybrids from reciprocal crosses developed on both host plants (survival rate: 92-100%) with normal female-biased sex ratios. Furthermore, all backcrosses to the parental strains yielded B1 offspring that were also viable on both host plants with normal sex ratios (69-87% and39-92%femalesonT. gymnanthera andC. yabunikkei, respectively). B1 survival rates in interstrain crosses were varied (11-63%) and lower than those in intrastrain crosses (88-93%). We could not detect any reproductive barriers in these experiments, and host preference may be the sole factor determining pre-mating isolation. The survival rates and sex ratios we observed suggest cytochromosome interactions. In conclusion, hybridisation, which results in heterozygotes and recombination, is an underexplored way to provide spider mites with a novel host plant.