Abstract
Maritime transport faces a major challenge in reducing its environmental impact, and alternative fuels and non-conventional powered systems are promising options for reducing ship emissions. The aim of this study is to identify the most effective and cost-efficient propulsion system as a step towards green containerized shipping. A comparison between two mechanical propulsion systems operated by heavy fuel oil and dual fuels, as well as a hybrid system, is conducted, with a container ship of class A19 investigated as a case study. The environmental results reveal that the hybrid propulsion system is the best option, with the lowest CO2 emission rate of 5.926 ton/TEU. It reduces NOx, SOx, and CO2 emissions by 52%, 63.7%, and 30.4%, respectively, compared to the conventional system. Economically, the dual fuel-powered system is currently the most cost-effective proposed system for container ships. However, the hybrid system is a more effective option for upcoming regulations, with a levelized cost of energy and cost-effectiveness of 0.07 $/kWh and 21.9 $/ton, respectively.
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