Abstract
Global environmental changes, nuclear power risks, losses in the electricity grid, and rising energy costs are increasing the desire to rely on more renewable energy for electricity generation. Recently, most people prefer to live and work in smart places like smart cities and smart universities which integrating smart grid systems. The large part of these smart grid systems is based on hybrid energy sources which make the energy management a challenging task. Thus, the design of an intelligent energy management controller is required. The present paper proposes an intelligent energy management controller based on combined fuzzy logic and fractional-order proportional-integral-derivative (FO-PID) controller methods for a smart DC-microgrid. The hybrid energy sources integrated into the DC-microgrid are constituted by a battery bank, wind energy, and photovoltaic (PV) energy source. The source-side converters (SSCs) are controller by the new intelligent fractional order PID strategy to extract the maximum power from the renewable energy sources (wind and PV) and improve the power quality supplied to the DC-microgrid. To make the microgrid as cost-effective, the (wind and PV) energy sources are prioritized. The proposed controller ensures smooth output power and service continuity. Simulation results of the proposed control schema under Matlab/Simulink are presented and compared with the super twisting fractional-order controller.
Highlights
The production of electrical energy in the world generates various types of pollution
The second task is to improve the power quality supplied to the DC-microgrid by regulating the reactive power and the DC-link voltage to their references using the energy management unit (EMU)
NUMERICAL RESULTS The present paper proposed a combined hybrid energy system integrated smart DC-microgrid is illustrated by Fig. 1, where three main parts can be distinguished: the hybrid energy sources constituted by the wind energy, solar energy, and the BSS connected to the DC-link through their respective converters
Summary
The production of electrical energy in the world generates various types of pollution. The previous proposed nonlinear controls show limitations in performances in the case of droop control strategy and optimal energy management has given the multiple integrated energy storage system, poor stability for the H∞ method, chattering issues concerning the sliding mode. In the present work, a new fractional order PID controller is proposed combined with a fuzzy logic method to address the problems faced by the conventional integer controls in hybrid energy management. The proposed new controller is integrated with an energy management unit for a DC-microgrid integrated with several stochastic sources and essential DC loads illustrated by Figure 1. The new fractional order PID (FO-PID) controller combined with a fuzzy logic strategy is developed for a DC-microgrid integrated with several stochastic sources and essential DC loads.
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