Abstract
A Z-number (ZN) presented by Zadeh is a new framework of fuzzy sets that combines a restriction value with a reliability measure. Based on this motivation of the concept of ZN, this study first proposes a cubic Z-number (CZN) set and operational relations of CZNs, and then defines two expected functions of CZNs to rank CZNs. Next, we present a CZN hybrid weighted arithmetic and geometric averaging (CZNHWAGA) operator and its properties. Then, a multicriteria DM model with unknown criterion weights is established based on the proposed CZNHWAGA operator, the expected functions, and the standard deviation of the expected values in the setting of CZNs. Lastly, the established DM model is applied to the selection of solar cells to illustrate its practicability and effectiveness in the setting of CZNs. However, the established DM model can solve the problem of unknown criterion weights and strengthen the DM reliability and flexibility.
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