Abstract
The two-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (2D-FDTD) method is extended to take into account the radiation effects due to the open boundary of PCBs on ground bounce. A time-domain equivalence principle for the structures with narrow apertures is proposed to divide the original ground bounce problem into the interior open-circuit problem and the exterior short circuit problem, which are handled by the 2D-FDTD method and the integral equation formulation, respectively. An efficient simulation procedure is established by casting equivalent inductances and capacitances with phase retardation into 2D-FDTD. Simulation results for the radiation effects due to open boundary or among isolated power/ground planes are presented and validated by measured data
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