Hybrid Technologies for Water Heating Applications: A Review

Abstract

The over-reliance on fossil resources necessitates the development of a sustainable energy system. Renewable energy and efficient hybrid water heating technologies are viable net-zero energy options. The economic benefits of these hybrid technologies offer a promising prospect for widespread adoption in developing countries as a means of increasing the hot water production. These hybrid technologies are becoming increasingly popular for domestic thermal applications in remote areas to compensate for energy shortages. This paper provides an overview of hybrid renewable water heating technologies with a focus on hybrid configurations, optimization techniques, mono-particle, and hybrid nanofluids and modelling. This paper also highlights the prospects for increasing the economic attractiveness and public acceptance of such systems.