Abstract
An unattended deployment of wireless sensor and actor networks in a harsh and inhospitable environment may cause its failure by partitioning it into the disjoint segments. Although many variants of this problem are addressed using different approaches, it still needs to be investigated due to its various applications. In this article, an efficient, localized, hybrid failure detection and recovery algorithm is proposed which assumes planned deployment of nodes. The algorithm is approximate and distributed as its topology is partitioned into subnets localizing failure recovery procedure and efficient as the time complexity is reduced from nondeterministic polynomial-time–hard to polynomial time. The algorithm is hybrid as pre-failure planning and post-failure recovery is assumed for the critical nodes. Graph-based model is designed to represent static part which is then transformed into a formal model using Vienna Development Method—specification language. The static model consists of subnets, circular topology, sensors, actors, and gateways as composite objects in Vienna Development Method—specification language. The dynamic model is developed by defining its state space, functions, and possible operations to describe the failure recovery procedure. Invariants are defined on static model to assure correctness, and pre/post conditions are used in the dynamic model to control the behavior preventing system to enter into an unwanted situation. The formal specification is analyzed using Vienna Development Method—specification language Toolbox to visualize the model.
Highlights
Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) have captured an attention of researchers’ community due to their ability to serve in harsh and inhospitable environment.[1]
WSANs consist of sensors and actors connected through wireless medium
A fault-tolerance model is presented in Ozaki et al.,[13] in which sensors send the sensed information to multiple actors and an actor receives the sensed data from multiple sensors to assure event notification
Summary
Wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) have captured an attention of researchers’ community due to their ability to serve in harsh and inhospitable environment.[1]. An efficient, approximate, localized, distributed, and hybrid subnet-based failure detection and recovery algorithm (FDRA) for sensors, actors, and gateways is proposed. Few other issues include addressing communication in real-time applications and ensuring security of the data communicated among sensors and actors In this article, it is focused on the first two research problems by developing a hybrid, subnet-based node failure recovery algorithm for WSANs. In the proposed algorithm, it is assumed that there are a larger number of sensors as compared to actors which are deployed in a form of subnets in a planned way in an area of interest. Failure of a node may affect connectivity hindering the process of event detection and action planning leading to severe consequences. The objective is to maximize connectivity and minimize repositioning overhead
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