Abstract
For large-scale linear and non-linear analysis of laminated composite shell structures, simple, accurate and efficient finite elements are critical to successes. In this paper, several simple three-node, six degrees of freedom (dof) per node, hybrid strain-based laminated composite flat triangular shell finite elements are presented. The stiffness matrices of these elements are obtained explicitly by using symbolic computer algebra packages, MAPLE and MACSYMA, and therefore, no numerical inversion of matrices and numerical integration are necessary during the derivation. The elements are compatible with the first-order shear deformation theory. A comprehensive study was performed on multi-layer plate and shell structures. Representative examples are presented to show that the elements have excellent performance in terms of convergence rate, accuracy, rank sufficient, no shear locking and efficiency. Results obtained indicate that the proposed simple shell elements can give very accurate answers for length to thickness ratios, μ ⩾ 20.
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