Hybrid solutions of a (3 + 1)-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli equation in an incompressible fluid

Abstract

Incompressible fluids are studied in such disciplines as ocean engineering, astrophysics and aerodynamics. Under investigation in this paper is a [Formula: see text]-dimensional Boiti–Leon–Manna–Pempinelli (BLMP) equation in an incompressible fluid. Based on the known bilinear form, BLMP hybrid solutions comprising a lump wave, a periodic wave and two kink waves, and hybrid solutions comprising a breather wave and multi-kink waves are derived. We observe the interaction among a lump wave, a periodic wave and two kink waves. Fission of a kink wave is observed: A kink wave divides into a breather wave and three kink waves. On the contrary, we see the fusion among a breather wave and three kink waves: The breather wave and three kink waves merge into a kink wave. Finally, we observe the interaction among a breather wave and four kink waves.