Abstract
The high fidelity storage, distribution and processing of quantum information prefers qubits with different physical properties. Thus, hybrid quantum gates interfacing different types of qubits are essential for the realization of complex quantum network structures. A Rydberg-atom based physical quantum CZ gate is proposed to hybridly process the polarisation-encoded single-photon optical qubit and the "Schroedinger cat" microwave qubit. The degradation of the fidelity under the influence of various noise channels, such as microwave cavity loss, sponetanous emission of atom states, and non-adiabaticity effect, etc, has been analyised through detailed theoretical analysis by deriving input-output relation of qubit fields. The feasibility and the challenges of the protocol within current technology are also discussed by analysing the possible experimental parameter settings.
Highlights
A robust and functional quantum network [1,2] requires the simultaneous achievement of both high-fidelity local quantum operation and efficient distribution of quantum information between remote quantum nodes [3,4]
The gate performance under various noises is studied, and we conclude that high gate fidelity in principle can be achieved with current state-of-the-art parameters
Our result indicates that with the development of quantum science and technology, such a hybrid quantum gate could find important applications in future distributed quantum networks
Summary
A robust and functional quantum network [1,2] requires the simultaneous achievement of both high-fidelity local quantum operation and efficient distribution of quantum information between remote quantum nodes [3,4] The combination of these two capabilities would enable many important applications, such as long distance quantum communication [5–9], distributed quantum computation [10–14], and quantum metrology [15–20]. Quantum-nonlinear medium [40] with efficient matter-photon coupling to facilitate the photon-photon interaction [41–48], while the difficulty lies in designing a physical system that can interacts strongly and coherently with both MW and optical qubits at the single quanta level To tackle this longstanding problem, we propose a protocol for the realization of high-fidelity quantum controlled-Z (CZ) gate between optical and MW photons mediated by Rydberg atoms [49–51] in a MW cavity. Our work opens avenues for future quantum network architectures connecting distant quantum nodes
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