Abstract
This paper reviews the constraints and opportunities of hybrid rice development in Indonesia. Indonesia has released more than a hundred hybrid rice varieties; Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR) developed 21 varieties. Extensive trials were conducted on the various aspects of seed production by government sectors and private companies. Significant progress has been made in hybrid rice seed production, with seed yield increasing from 1 t/ha to 3 t/ha. Various problems should be considered to develop a good seed production system. The constraints are the low outcrossing rate, shortage of suitable land, high cost and labor, lack of trained personnel, climatic fluctuations in rainfall and temperature, and limited hybrid rice seed grower. Private sectors investment in hybrid rice has been increased. Positive support from government and private companies will boost hybrid rice’s adoption rapidity. Collaboration of hybrid rice dissemination across institutions was a meaningful way to encourage hybrid rice adoption. Optimizing seed production technologies could significantly increase the present level of hybrid seed yield. The opportunities are an increase of rice demand, various materials genetic, distribution of rice ecosystem, and public-private sector partnership that developed on hybrid seed production to accelerate the adoption of hybrid rice. It supports not only the research and development but also the dissemination and adoption.
Highlights
As a staple food, rice plays an essential role in providing food security in Indonesia
Progress has made in hybrid rice seed production, with seed yield increasing from 0.95 to 3.9 t/ha
Some private company have collaborated with contract farmers for hybrid rice seed production
Summary
Rice plays an essential role in providing food security in Indonesia. The national census in 2020 showed that the Indonesian population was 270.20 million, increasing significantly from 237.64 million to the earlier census in 2010. It means that rice production is required to increase every year to ensure food security for Indonesian consumption. Hybrid rice crossed from two different plants with different traits. Due to their heterosis effects, the hybrid rice varieties could increase yield by 15-20 percent over inbred varieties [2]. It highlights how to progress the development of hybrid rice in Indonesia from 1983 until now, and breeding strategies to face global agriculture challenges and the performance of released hybrid rice varieties in the farmer field
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