Abstract
Terahertz imaging is becoming a biological imaging modality in its own right, alongside the more mature infrared and X-ray techniques. Nevertheless, extraction of hyperspectral, biometric information of samples is limited by experimental challenges. Terahertz time domain spectroscopy reflection measurements demand highly precise alignment and suffer from limitations of the sample thickness. In this work, a novel hybrid Kramers-Kronig and Fabry-Pérot based algorithm has been developed to overcome these challenges. While its application is demonstrated through dielectric retrieval of glass-backed human bone slices for prospective characterisation of metastatic defects or osteoporosis, the generality of the algorithm offers itself to wider application towards biological materials.
Highlights
Terahertz radiation grants us access to a unique view of the world
While its application is demonstrated through dielectric retrieval of glass-backed human bone slices for prospective characterisation of metastatic defects or osteoporosis, the generality of the algorithm offers itself to wider application towards biological materials
The two critical factors, for time domain spectroscopy (TDS) in particular, are accurate alignment of the sample and reference planes [14,15] and the ability to resolve or model any Fabry-Pérot reflections that occur within the sample [16,17,18,19]
Summary
Terahertz radiation grants us access to a unique view of the world. Superior resolution over microwave imaging, alongside non-ionising effects compared to X-rays, has resulted in the exploitation of terahertz radiation for applications [1] such as security screening [2,3] and quality control [4]. Particular interest has been focused on biological imaging [5], where terahertz energies match low frequency vibrations of biomolecules [6] and rotational modes of liquid water molecules, which can be utilised for sensing and imaging [7,8,9] Such applications include characterisation of human bone metastatic defects or osteoporosis and can be extended to prostheses design [10,11,12,13]. The typically high water content of biological materials, alongside its highly absorbing properties at terahertz frequencies, make reflection spectroscopic measurements far more practical than transmission Accurate retrieval of both the amplitude and phase of the reflected radiation relies on a number of factors. The algorithm can be applied for wider range of applications, but this is not within the scope of this paper
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