Abstract
This study explored the combined effects of photocatalysis with ceramic membrane filtration for the removal of humic acid in the presence of salt; to simulate saline wastewater conditions. The effects of operating parameters, such as salinity and TiO2 concentration on permeate fluxes, total organic carbon (TOC), and UV absorbance removal, were investigated. The interaction between the humic acids and TiO2 photocatalyst played an important role in the observed flux change during ceramic membrane filtration. The results for this hybrid system showed that the TOC removal was more than 70% for both without NaCl and with the 500 ppm NaCl concentration, and 62% and 66% for 1000 and 2000 ppm NaCl concentrations. The reduction in UV absorbance was more complete in the absence of NaCl compared to the presence of NaCl. The operation of the integrated photoreactor-ceramic membrane filter over five repeat cycles is described. It can be concluded that the overall removal performance of the hybrid system was influenced by the presence of salts, as salt leads to agglomeration of TiO2 particles by suppressing the stabilising effects of electrostatic repulsion and thereby reduces the effective surface contact between the pollutant and the photocatalyst.
Highlights
Photocatalytic oxidation with UV irradiated TiO2 has potential for water and wastewater treatment due to its unique ability for complete mineralization of organic contaminants [1,2,3].Even though photocatalysts are very efficient for mineralising organic compounds, there are two key challenges
The use of ceramic membranes in the current study shows that solution obtained from the measurement of a molecular weight (MW) distribution by GPC and based on the with and without TiO2 slurry did not have a significant effect on the permeate flux, as the potential
The results show that humic acid (HA) rejection ceramic membrane filtration was calculated for all the five cycles
Summary
Even though photocatalysts are very efficient for mineralising organic compounds, there are two key challenges. Recent studies have explored the separation of TiO2 photocatalyst using coagulation and membrane separation [4,5]. Aids in the separation of suspended photocatalyst, but may improve the effluent quality by separation of organic compounds [6]. Both the above challenges can be resolved using membrane filtration. The photocatalytic oxidation process is able to mineralise various organic compounds that are responsible for membrane fouling and enhance the consistency of the membrane operation [7]
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