Abstract
Carbon emissions are a prominent issue for sustainable energy production and management. Energy policies under the growing competitive environment could change the priorities of emission reduction and investment decisions. This paper aims to forecast carbon emissions from China and to rank the importance of carbon emissions with interval type 2 (IT2) fuzzy sets (FS) for sustainable energy investments. For this purpose, the quadratic model is applied to measuring emission trends and the Qualitative Flexible Multiple Criteria Method (QUALIFLEX) is used for measuring sustainable energy investment alternatives by the several emission levels. Forecasted values of 29 provinces in China are converted into the linguistic and fuzzy numbers based on IT2 FS respectively to measure the priorities of emission reduction for sustainable economies. The novelty of this paper is to propose a hybrid decision-making approach based on quadratic modeling and the QUALIFLEX method and to discuss the overall energy emission trend and policies for sustainable economic growth. The results demonstrate that emission reduction policies are the most important phenomenon and the environmental factors should be widely considered to construct sustainable energy investments and production.
Highlights
Today, due to the rapidly increasing population, energy consumption is going up dramatically as well
Sustainable energy investment alternatives are ranked with the help of IT2F QUALIFLEX
Based on this prediction model, we forecast Chinese net carbon emissions in the future. It can be found from the trend forecast curve that Chinese net carbon emissions will peak in 2024, estimated at 16.3 billion tons
Summary
Due to the rapidly increasing population, energy consumption is going up dramatically as well In parallel with this development, it has become necessary to increase energy production [1]. Otherwise, this increasing energy demand will be unmet which can cause many problems in the country. This increasing energy demand will be unmet which can cause many problems in the country These issues increase the need for energy projects. If the financing of the mentioned energy investments is not planned effectively, the continuity of these projects cannot be realized [3] Another important issue in this process is the need to take environmental factors into account in these projects [4]. The main reason for this is that international environmental and social standards are important in the financing decisions of financial institutions [5]
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