Abstract
Two frontier crystalline porous framework materials, namely, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), have been widely explored owing to their outstanding physicochemical properties. While each type of framework has its own intrinsic advantages and shortcomings for specific applications, combining the complementary properties of the two materials allows the engineering of new classes of hybrid porous crystalline materials with properties superior to the individual components. Since the first report of MOF/COF hybrid in 2016, it has rapidly evolved as a novel platform for diverse applications. The state‐of‐art advances in the various synthetic approaches of MOF/COF hybrids are hereby summarized, together with their applications in different areas. Perspectives on the main challenges and future opportunities are also offered in order to inspire a multidisciplinary effort toward the further development of chemically diverse, multi‐functional hybrid porous crystalline materials.
Highlights
Another application is related to the multi-faceted functionalities and enhanced performancesMetal-organic frameworks (MOFs)-5-NH2/covalent organic frameworks (COFs) hybrid reported by Dashitan and coworkers,[91] which was applied as an effective adsorbent for rapid and highly efficient simultaneous removal of auramine O (AO) and rhodamine B (RB) cationic dyes
MOF/COF hybrid materials have emerged as an auspicious class of porous crystalline materials since 2016
The synthetic optimization of MOF/COF hybrid needs to balance the mismatches of morphology, porosity, crystallinity and chemical stability between two premier classes of porous frameworks
Summary
As the two most representative porous crystalline frameworks, MOFs and COFs have many features in common, yet there are quite notable differences and complementarity between the two. A systematic review of MOF/COF hybrids that summarizes the advances and challenges in this emerging field is timely and necessary.[70] In this article, we overview the recent progresses in the development of MOF/COF hybrids by firstly introducing the common hybridization approaches, followed by discussing their applications in areas such as photocatalysis, gas separation, sensing, heterogeneous catalysis and energy storage. Attempts in synergistically combining the two somewhat competing interactions in one framework were exemplified by Matzger,[71] Yaghi[72] and their coworkers, where coordination processes and dynamic imine formation were employed in tandem to unify two orthogonal classes of porous materials Subsequent to these successes in synthesizing single framework structures, the first example of hybrid MOF/COF material was pioneered by Ben and coworkers in 2016. A comprehensive list of the hitherto reported MOF/COF hybrids is summarized in Table 1, together with relevant information regarding the composition, the form of the hybrid, the hybridization strategy, and the related application in chronological order
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