Hybrid Poly(β-amino ester) Triblock Copolymers Utilizing a RAFT Polymerization Grafting-From Methodology.

Abstract

The biocompatibility, biodegradability, and responsiveness of poly(β-amino esters) (PBAEs) has led to their widespread use as biomaterials for drug and gene delivery. Nonetheless, the step-growth polymerization mechanism that yields PBAEs limits the scope for their structural optimization toward specific applications because of limited monomer choice and end-group modifications. Moreover, to date the post-synthetic functionalization of PBAEs has relied on grafting-to approaches, challenged by the need for efficient polymer-polymer coupling and potentially difficult post-conjugation purification. Here a novel grafting-from approach to grow reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymers from a PBAE scaffold is described. This is achieved through PBAE conversion into a macromolecular chain transfer agent through a multistep capping procedure, followed by RAFT polymerization with a range of monomers to produce PBAE-RAFT hybrid triblock copolymers. Following successful synthesis, the potential biological applications of these ABA triblock copolymers are illustrated through assembly into polymeric micelles and encapsulation of a model hydrophobic drug, followed by successful nanoparticle (NP) uptake in breast cancer cells. The findings demonstrate this novel synthetic methodology can expand the scope of PBAEs as biomaterials.