Abstract
Tunable lattice resonances are demonstrated in a hybrid plasmonic crystal incorporating the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) as a 20-nm-thick layer sandwiched between a gold nanodisk array and a quartz substrate. Non-volatile tuning of lattice resonances over a range Δλ of about 500 nm (1.89 µm to 2.27 µm) is achieved experimentally via intermediate phase states of the GST layer. This work demonstrates the efficacy and ease of resonance tuning via GST in the near infrared, suggesting the possibility to design broadband non-volatile tunable devices for optical modulation, switching, sensing and nonlinear optical devices.
Highlights
Lattice resonances, the diffractive coupling of light to localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in plasmonic crystals, are much narrower than conventional dipolar localized surface plasmon resonance mode (LSPR) and have interesting applications such as the modification of fluorescent emission and sensing [1,2,3]
Tunable lattice resonances are demonstrated in a hybrid plasmonic crystal incorporating the phase-change material Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) as a 20-nm-thick layer sandwiched between a gold nanodisk array and a quartz substrate
In order to study the manipulation of the lattice resonance within the tuning range comprehensively, the fabricated hybrid phase-change plasmonic crystal with an amorphous GST thin film of 20 nm was crystallized at a temperature of 135°C and the spectral measurements of the plasmonic crystal were taken every 5 minutes after rapidly cooling down the sample to room temperature
Summary
The diffractive coupling of light to localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) in plasmonic crystals, are much narrower than conventional dipolar LSPRs and have interesting applications such as the modification of fluorescent emission and sensing [1,2,3]. The lattice resonance frequency is fixed by geometric and material parameters [3] This hinders the application of lattice resonances to practical devices, where real-time tunability of the resonance is desirable. In the NIR, a drastic change in the real part of the refractive index from the phase transition and moderately low absorptive losses allow GST to significantly alter the dielectric environment of the resonator while keeping losses manageable. These properties make GST a suitable candidate for achieving a tunable lattice resonance in the NIR within the environment of a plasmonic crystal. We demonstrate lattice resonance tuning in the NIR regime of the spectrum with shifts on the order of 500 nm
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