Hybrid PCM-based thermal management for lithium-ion batteries: Trends and challenges

Abstract

As the demand for electric cars (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) grows, effective thermal management of lithium-ion batteries becomes more important. The use of phase change materials (PCMs) in thermal management systems for Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries is investigated in this review study. The paper provides an overview of Li-ion batteries, the effect of temperature on their performance, and the need for a reliable Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS). The mathematical model for these systems is provided, as well as experimental testing of such systems evaluating the efficiency of PCM-based BTMS. This analysis focuses on hybrid BTMS that use PCMs in combination with air-cooled, liquid-cooled, thermoelectric-cooled, and heat-pipe cooling techniques. The influence of PCM chamber layout and the addition of different finned surfaces to the system is also discussed in the paper. Furthermore, the research discusses the influence of vibration on PCM for Li-ion battery thermal management systems and proposes PCM incorporation as a viable solution to this problem. The economic and environmental implications of PCMs, as well as future research objectives, are also explored. The focus placed in this work on the relatively new research topic of the influence of configuration optimization and vibration on PCM is what distinguishes it from prior studies that have been carried out in the relevant subject.