Abstract
The increasing complexity of modern AC/DC power systems poses a significant challenge to a fast solution of large-scale transient stability simulation problems. This paper proposes the hybrid parallel-in-time-and-space (PiT+PiS) transient simulation on the CPU-GPU platform to thoroughly exploit the parallelism from time and spatial perspectives, thereby fully utilizing parallel processing hardware. The respective electromechanical and electromagnetic aspects of the AC and DC grids demand a combination of transient stability (TS) simulation and electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation to reflect both system-level and equipment-level transients. The TS simulation is performed on GPUs in the co-simulation, while the Parareal parallel-in-time (PiT) scheduling and EMT simulation are conducted on CPUs. Therefore, the heterogeneous CPU-GPU scheme can utilize asynchronous computing features to offset the data transfer latency between different processors. Higher scalability and extensibility than GPU-only dynamic parallelism design is achieved by utilizing concurrent GPU streams for coarse-grid and fine-grid computation. A synthetic AC/DC grid based on IEEE-118 Bus and CIGRÉ DCS2 systems showed a good accuracy compared to commercial TSAT software, and a speedup of 165 is achieved with 48 IEEE-118 Bus systems and 192 201-Level detail-modeled MMCs. Furthermore, the proposed method is also applicable to multi-GPU implementation where it demonstrates decent efficacy.
Highlights
Modern power systems are increasingly complex due to the continuous integration of power electronic facilities such as the high voltage direct current (HVDC) links into transmission and distribution networks
transient stability (TS) acceleration methods based on parallel processing algorithms for multi-core CPUs and many-core GPUs have shown a decent efficiency and have been well investigated in AC power grid studies [4]–[7], and heterogeneous CPUGPU computing architecture for AC-DC grid TS-electromagnetic transient (EMT) cosimulation has recently been proposed [8]–[10], while the threads concurrency of these methods is dominantly contributed by parallel-in-space (PiS) strategies
The four IEEE 118-Bus systems and a modified CIGRÉ DCS 2 MTDC system form up the Scale x1 base test system, which is used for producing results for study Case 1 and Case 2
Summary
Modern power systems are increasingly complex due to the continuous integration of power electronic facilities such as the high voltage direct current (HVDC) links into transmission and distribution networks. TS acceleration methods based on parallel processing algorithms for multi-core CPUs and many-core GPUs have shown a decent efficiency and have been well investigated in AC power grid studies [4]–[7] , and heterogeneous CPUGPU computing architecture for AC-DC grid TS-EMT cosimulation has recently been proposed [8]–[10], while the threads concurrency of these methods is dominantly contributed by parallel-in-space (PiS) strategies. It was introduced to solve TS simulation problems by decomposing the initial value problem into many sub-intervals [17], and has a better efficiency compared to its predecessors These works mainly focused on PiT algorithms and potential comprehensive parallelism by considering PiS. This paper is organized as follows: Section II introduces the multi-mass synchronous machine model, MMC model, and theoretical speedup analysis of PiT and PiT+PiS methods; Section III introduces the implementations of hybrid CPUGPU PiT+PiS algorithm for AC/DC co-simulation; Section IV presents the case studies and performance comparison; Section V is the Conclusion
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