Abstract

The increasing demand for food production with limited available water resources poses a threat to agricultural activities. Conventional optimization algorithms increase the processing stage and perform in the space allocated from user. Therefore, the proposed work was used to design better performance results. The conjunctive allocation of water resources maximizes the net benefit of farmers. In this study, the novel hybrid optimization model developed is the first of its kind and was designed to resolve the sharing of water resource conflict among different reaches based on a genetic algorithm (GA), bacterial foraging optimization (BFO) and ant colony optimization (ACO) to maximize the net benefit of the water deficit in Sathanur reservoir command. The GA-based optimization model considered crop-related physical and economic parameters to derive optimal cropping patterns for three different conjunctive use policies and further allocation of surface and groundwater for different crops are enhanced with the BFO. The allocation of surface and groundwater for the head, middle and tail reaches obtained from the BFO is considered as an input to the ACO as a guiding mechanism to attain an optimal cropping pattern. Comparing the average productivity values, policy 3 (3.665 Rs/m3) has better values relating to policy 1 (3.662 Rs/m3) and policy 2 (3.440 Rs/m3). Thus, the developed novel hybrid optimization model (GA-BFO-ACO) is very promising for enhancing farmer's net income and can be replicated in other irrigated regions to overcome chronic water problems. The productivity value of policy 3 was 6.54% greater than that of policy 2, whereas that of policy 1 was 6.45% greater. Overall, the comparison shows that the better performance analysis of various optimization was done successfully.

Highlights

  • Population increase and demand for food resources impose a serious threat to water resources, as a 60% increase in food requirements is expected in 2050 (FAO Statistical Yearbook 2013)

  • The results show that the Genetic algorithm (GA)-Bacterial foraging optimization (BFO)-Ant colony optimization (ACO) hybrid model provides maximum net benefits

  • The Sathanur reservoir was designed for the cultivation of ID crops, currently, most of the command area is being cultivated with paddy and sugarcane, due to increased profit

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Summary

Introduction

Population increase and demand for food resources impose a serious threat to water resources, as a 60% increase in food requirements is expected in 2050 (FAO Statistical Yearbook 2013). 90% of water withdrawn for irrigation purposes and extraction of groundwater of approximately 15–35% for irrigation are assessed as unsustainable (World Business Council for Sustainable Development 2006). Water stress and deteriorating water resources are among the cognitive factors to low crop productivity (Araya et al 2021). Conjunctive use of surface and groundwater in an irrigation system should be taken up to avoid drawdown of groundwater levels and to avoid water stress. The main purpose of the conjunctive use of available water resources is to increase the yield and reliability without compromising supply (Singh et al 2016)

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