Abstract
<p>Recent work on opacity calls attention to the need for a refined taxonomy (e.g. Baković 2007, 2011), though the mutual exclusivity of the two major kinds of opaque interactions, underapplication and overapplication, remains unquestioned. No interaction has, until now, been reported to display both effects for a single input to output mapping. I present one case from Berbice Dutch Creole (hereafter Berbice) where, depending on the analysis, nasal place assimilation simultaneously underapplies and overapplies, due to an interaction with consonant deletion. In this paper, I present several possible analyses of the Berbice data in rule-based serialism and Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains (McCarthy 2007) and compare the claims these frameworks make on the interaction’s classification. I also discuss the theoretical implications of hybrid opacity and how it may fit within the larger taxonomy of opacity. Finally, I lay the foundation for further work on the phenomenon by presenting a generalized template and a possible experimental design.</p>
Highlights
Opacity has recently received a fair amount of attention in the phonological literature, if mainly for the inability of classic Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky 1993/2004) to derive opaque effects
I show using an analysis in Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains (OT-CC) (McCarthy 2007) that the same grammar which derives the attested surface forms from homorganic inputs does as well from hypothetical underspecification and heterorganic inputs
Comparing the two OT-CC analyses, we see that the hybrid opacity scenario is produced by the same ranking which derives underapplication from homorganic ND sequences
Summary
Opacity has recently received a fair amount of attention in the phonological literature, if mainly for the inability of classic Optimality Theory (OT) (Prince & Smolensky 1993/2004) to derive opaque effects. I show using an analysis in Optimality Theory with Candidate Chains (OT-CC) (McCarthy 2007) that the same grammar which derives the attested surface forms from homorganic inputs does as well from hypothetical underspecification and heterorganic inputs. All in all, both rule-based serialism and OT either insist on or allow for the existence of hybrid opacity. The organization of the paper is as follows: Section 2 presents the data from Berbice with both rulebased and optimality theoretic analyses It compares OT-CC with Turbidity (Goldrick 2001), which successfully derives the interaction but strikingly makes the claim that it is completely transparent regardless of input type.
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