Hybrid NCS palladium pincer complexes of thiophosphorylated benzaldimines and their ketimine analogs

Abstract

A series of novel hybrid pincer ligands bearing thiophosphoryl and imino groups as donating arms was obtained by the condensation of 3-diphenylthiophosphorylbenzaldehyde with RNH2 (R = Ph, tBu) to afford aldimine derivatives 2a, b or by the reaction of lithiated 3-(thiophosphoryl)bromobenzene with an appropriate substituted lactam yielding their ketimine analogs 2c–e with 5–7-membered azacycloalkene moieties. The direct cyclopalladation of the ligands with (PhCN)2PdCl2 in MeCN under reflux led to κ3-NCS pincer complexes 3b–e with two five-membered fused metallacycles, isolated in low to moderate yields (12–53%); their structures were confirmed by multinuclear NMR and X-ray diffraction study. The palladacycles demonstrated high activity as (pre)catalysts for the Suzuki cross-coupling of phenylboronic acid with aryl bromides, which was found to increase in the series 3e ∼ 3d <3c< 3b, i.e. passing from ketimine derivatives 3d, e with larger azacycloalkene to their analog with smaller five-membered cyclic imine moiety and further to benzaldimine complex 3b. The tendency observed was explained by the controlled release of Pd(0) catalytically active species in the case of less sterically hindered complexes.