Abstract
Nanofluids (NFs) incorporation has emerged as a pivotal advancement in the realm of technology. With the advancement in technology, new segments of NFs are introduced recently. Compared to conventional fluids, both NFs and Hybrid nanofluids (HNFs) offer significantly enhanced heat transfer due to the presence of nanoparticles (NPs). NFs provide an initial boost, but HNFs take it a step further by combining different NPs for even greater thermal performance and efficiency. HNFs are combination of two or more NPs dispersed in convectional fluid. This compilation purpose is to serve as a succinct overview covering HNFs history, preparation techniques, thermo-physical properties, future directions, current status and applications. Mainly two-step and one-step methods are discussed for preparation. Thermophysical properties of HNFs like thermal conductivity, specific heat, density and viscosity for distinct parameter variation (temperature, concentration etc.) are reviewed. HNFs applications in various fields like solar heating systems, cooling systems, heat exchangers and industrial processes, medical treatments, enhanced oil recovery have been discussed. The future aspects focus on refining NPs compositions, scalable production methods, eco-friendly formulations and optimizing predictive models for diverse applications.
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