Abstract
The study of hybrid nanofluid and its thermophysical properties is emerging since the early of 2000s and the purpose of this paper is to investigate the flow of hybrid nanofluid over a permeable Darcy porous medium with slip, radiation and shrinking sheet. Here, the hybrid nanofluid consists of Cu/water as the base nanofluid and Al2O3–Cu/water works as the two distinct fluids. The governing ordinary differential equations (ODEs) obtained in this study are converted from a series of partial differential equations (PDEs) by the appropriate use of similarity transformation. Two methods of shooting and bvp4c function are applied to solve the involving physical parameters over the hybrid nanofluid flow. From this study, we conclude that the non-uniqueness of solutions exists through a range of the shrinking parameter, which produces the problem of finding a bigger solution than any other between the upper and lower branches. From the analysis, one can observe the increment of heat transfer rate in hybrid nanofluid versus the traditional nanofluid. The results obtained by the stability of solutions prove that the upper solution (first branch) is stable and the lower solution (second branch) is not stable.
Highlights
One of the most important industrial processes is heat transfer, carried out by heat exchangers in single and multiphase flow applications
Much interest and effort has created for experimental work in heat transfer due to the necessary need and solid demand for industrial applications that require the optimization and design of heat exchangers, despite the well-developed and built-in theoretical models that have existed since the
Many attempts have been made within these past years to enhance heat transfer rate, and one of the methods is by increasing the thermal conductivity
Summary
One of the most important industrial processes is heat transfer, carried out by heat exchangers in single and multiphase flow applications. Choi [1] pioneered the first work of nanofluid and its capability in suspending nanoscale particles in the base fluid since they exhibit enhanced thermal conductivity and coefficient of convective heat transfer. One of the recent application in nanofluids was presented by Moghadasi et al [3], who investigated the efficiency of synthesized nanosilica particles in reducing fines migration in hydraulic fracturing. They stated that the hydraulic fracturing process can be badly affected by fines migration, and they conducted an experiment by
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