Abstract
The support of the connected vehicle-to-everything (V2X) vision in conjunction with intelligent transportation system applications and services constitute a major 5G objective for modern radio systems and networks. More particularly, 5G deployment will involve multiple radio access network (RAN) technologies and a massive machine-type communication environment, offering a simultaneously supported variety of broadcast, multicast, and unicast applications. In this article, we present an implementation of a diversity engine able to support the multi-objective, multi-RAN, multi-service V2X use cases. The engine is enhanced with the adoption of a hybrid diversity scheme that exploits the beamshaping capabilities of the reconfigurable electronically switched parasitic array radiator (ESPAR) antennas. The hybrid scheme combines conventional maximal ratio combining with beamspace diversity and it improves system performance in terms of reliability and throughput with increased signal-to-noise ratio. It was implemented and demonstrated with integration of novel printed antennas on connected, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V)-enabled trucks in the context of the Horizon 2020 project ROADART.
Highlights
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications have gained a significant momentum globally, as the main enabler of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) [1]
The 5G framework supports multiple radio access technologies enabling V2X communications—from existing (ITS-G5 [6]) and new evolving technologies (LTE-V2X in LTE Rel. 14 [7]) to an upcoming standard—yet to be defined, which will be included in future new radio (NR) releases [8]
There are plenty of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) techniques, that is, spatial multiplexing, diversity, and beam forming, that have been introduced in order to deal with the numerous V2X
Summary
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communications have gained a significant momentum globally, as the main enabler of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) [1]. The direct adaptation of techniques in adhoc or partially controlled networks -like V2X- with fast-varying topologies and heterogeneous applications and services is not possible In this context, one of the most efficient technique for system performance improvement is diversity. While transmit diversity with the use of space-time/frequency codes is already scheduled for integration in V2X, the direct application of receive or closed-loop transmit diversity methods is not a straightforward task due to various constraints inherent in V2X communications, for example, adhoc establishment and resolution of links, support of various modes of services simultaneously (broadcast, multicast, unicast), small dimensions and limited space for antenna and radio frequency (RF) equipment, low complexity requirements, and limited signal processing capabilities.
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