Abstract
In this work, it was prepared hybrid membranes of polyamide6 (PA6) with montmorillonite (MMT) and porogenic agent (CaCl2). The hybrid membranes with CaCl2 were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), porosimetry by mercury intrusion (PMI), flux measurements and rejection. By means of X-ray diffraction, it was revealed that the hybrid membranes with CaCl2 have an exfoliated and/or partially exfoliated structure. For FTIR and DSC of hybrid membranes with CaCl2, it was found that the spectra and the crystalline melting temperature remained virtually unchanged compared to PA6 membrane. From the SEM images, it was observed that the addition of the MMT and the CaCl2 in the membrane of PA6 caused an increase in the amount of pores the surface and cross section of these membranes. By PMI, it was observed that the presence of MMT and CaCl2 in the membrane caused an increase in the average diameters of pores. The water-oil separation tests, indicated a significant reduction of oil in the permeate, allowing treatment of wastewater contaminated with oil.
Highlights
IntroductionFrom the beginning of the 70s, classical separation processes such as distillation, filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, centrifugation, solvent extraction, crystallization and others, are substituted by a new class of processes called membranes separation processes (MSP) by using synthetic membranes as selective barriers[1]
From the beginning of the 70s, classical separation processes such as distillation, filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, centrifugation, solvent extraction, crystallization and others, are substituted by a new class of processes called membranes separation processes (MSP) by using synthetic membranes as selective barriers[1].The porous synthetic membranes have pores of various sizes
There was no change in the crystalline melting temperature of the hybrid membranes with CaCl2 when compared with pure PA6 membrane
Summary
From the beginning of the 70s, classical separation processes such as distillation, filtration, adsorption, ion exchange, centrifugation, solvent extraction, crystallization and others, are substituted by a new class of processes called membranes separation processes (MSP) by using synthetic membranes as selective barriers[1]. The synthetic polymers most widely used in the preparation of membranes are polyamide, polysulfone, polyacrylonitrile, polycarbonate, polyetherimide, poly (vinylidene fluoride), among others Membranes prepared from these polymers have improved chemical, thermal and mechanical resistance compared with traditional polymers. Polyamides are materials of high tensile strength, abrasion and fatigue resistance, low friction coefficient and good toughness These properties were improved by the nanocomposite made with this polymer when compared to pure polymer[15]. Hours and added 10% w/w of CaCl2 to obtain a dispersion for the preparation of membranes, using the phase inversion technique by immersion precipitation These dispersions were spread by means of glass rods with spacing of approximately 0.2 mm on glass plates and remained for a time of 300 seconds exposure in the atmosphere before the precipitation in a bath. The membranes were stored in a solution with glycerin to prevent pore collapse, and before being subjected to the permeability test, they were washed with distilled water to eliminate the glycerin
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