Abstract
BackgroundThe extraction of lipids from microalgae requires a pretreatment process to break the cell wall and subsequent extraction processes to obtain the lipids for biofuels production. The multistep operation tends to incur high costs and are energy intensive due to longer process operations. This research work applies the combination of radicals from hydrogen peroxide with an organic solvent as a chemical pretreatment method for disrupting the cell wall of microalgae and simultaneously extracting lipids from the biomass in a one-step biphasic solution.ResultSeveral parameters which can affect the biphasic system were analyzed: contact time, volume of solvent, volume ratio, type of organic solvent, biomass amount and concentration of solvents, to extract the highest amount of lipids from microalgae. The results were optimized and up to 83.5% of lipid recovery yield and 94.6% of enhancement was successfully achieved. The results obtain from GC-FID were similar to the analysis of triglyceride lipid standard.ConclusionThe profound hybrid biphasic system shows great potential to radically disrupt the cell wall of microalgae and instantaneously extract lipids in a single-step approach. The lipids extracted were tested to for its comparability to biodiesel performance.
Highlights
Microalgae consists of high lipid content and is very potential as a sustainable feedstock for commercial biofuel production
The rapid radical formation through Fenton reaction is potential in causing disruption to the cell wall membrane of microalgae which leads to the release of nutrient compounds including lipids, making these compounds dissolve in the organic solvent phase [21]
The hybrid liquid biphasic system (HLBS) in a single solution with two different phases in the system is efficient for the extraction of lipids from microalgae
Summary
Microalgae consists of high lipid content and is very potential as a sustainable feedstock for commercial biofuel production. The alcohol solvent is prone to attracting polar compounds as it contains hydroxyl group molecules (OH), while organic solvent is categorized as non-polar solvent which can dissolve lipids in the solution. The conventional alcohol and organic solvent extraction does not create a significant cell disruption mechanism for the microalgae biomass. Pre-treatment processes such as mechanical or chemical method are needed to induce the cell wall membrane disruption before the lipid compounds may be released and readily dissolve into the organic solvent [16]. This research work applies the combination of radicals from hydrogen peroxide with an organic solvent as a chemical pretreatment method for disrupting the cell wall of microalgae and simultaneously extracting lipids from the biomass in a one-step biphasic solution
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