Abstract
This paper presents a hybrid intelligent approach for load control and management in deregulated power systems, which integrates direct load control (DLC) with interruptible load management (ILM) to provide instantaneous reserves for ancillary services. Fuzzy dynamic programming is used to satisfy customers' requirements and yields a near optimal pre-scheduling of the DLC. Then, the energy payback associated with the DLC is further eliminated by the adaptive control strategy, which exploits interruptible loads to modify the DLC schedule in real-time. The proposed algorithm was practically tested on the Taiwan power (Taipower) 38-unit system with 20 airconditioner loads and 15 interruptible loads. The outcomes reveal that an exact amount of instantaneous reserves can be successfully acquired, and the results are robust against dynamic disturbances of the power system.
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