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Abstract
In situ photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) solar energy generation in buildings is an effective way to cover both thermal and electrical energy demands, mimizing losses and costs associated with transportation. High-concentration PVT (HCPVT) collectors present higher electrical conversion efficiencies, lower thermal dependence coefficients and the possibility of achieving higher temperature heat than conventional PVT systems. These features address the need of maximizing the energy generation in cities where there is very limited available space for renewable energy installations. In the present study, a HCPVT module has been designed, modelled and simulated. Simulations have been conducted for two representative cities with different climates but both suitable for solar concentration applications: Almería (Spain) and Lancaster (United States). The results demonstrate a very good performance in both locations, covering from 95% to 100% of the domestic hot water demand, and more than 55% of the space heating and cooling and electricity demands. Additionally, a comparison with a standard PVT solar collector has been carried out, indicating that the HCPVT system clearly outperforms the standard one in terms of the electricity and the thermal energy produced.
Highlights
The major part of energy consumption is related to buildings, rep resenting a percentage of 40% in the case of the European Union (EU) [1]
In order to reverse this situation, the latest Directive of the European Parliament (2018/844) states the objectives to be fulfilled in buildings by 2030: the energy ef ficiency should be improved by 32.5%, greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced by 40%, and 32% of the energy production should come from renewable energy [3]
In order to perform the comparison, both typologies, High-concentration PVT (HCPVT) and PVT at the optimum tilt angle, present the same peak power based on the OPPI determined (2100 Wp) taking into account the exact peak power of each module type
Summary
The major part of energy consumption is related to buildings, rep resenting a percentage of 40% in the case of the European Union (EU) [1]. In order to reverse this situation, the latest Directive of the European Parliament (2018/844) states the objectives to be fulfilled in buildings by 2030: the energy ef ficiency should be improved by 32.5%, greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced by 40%, and 32% of the energy production should come from renewable energy [3]. These goals should be met by adding or inte grating renewable energies in buildings.
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