Hybrid Harmony Search Algorithm Applied to the Optimal Coordination of Overcurrent Relays in Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation

Sergio D Saldarriaga-Zuluaga,Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano,Jesús M López-Lezama

doi:10.3390/app11199207

Sergio D Saldarriaga-Zuluaga, Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/app11199207

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Abstract

In recent years, distributed generation (DG) has become more common in modern distribution networks (DNs). The presence of these small-scale generation units within a DN brings new challenges to protection engineers, since short-circuit currents tend to increase; additionally, as with microgrids, modern DNs may feature several operational modes depending on their topology and the availability of DG. This paper presents a methodology for the optimal coordination of overcurrent relays (OCRs) in modern DNs with a high presence of DG. Given the fact that protection coordination is a non-linear and non-convex optimization problem, a hybrid harmony search and simulated annealing (HS-SA) approach was implemented for its solution and compared against other techniques, such as conventional HS, genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO) and hybrid PSO-HS. Several tests were performed on a DN, considering different operative scenarios as a function of the DG available within the network. A comparison with other works reported in the specialized literature was carried out, evidencing the applicability and effectiveness of the HS-SA technique in solving the optimal OCR coordination problem in modern DNs.

Highlights

The growth of distributed generation (DG) units within modern distribution networks (DNs) has opened up new possibilities in the diversification of energy supply, providing a better use of natural resources that contributes to sustainability
This paper proposes a hybrid harmony search and simulated annealing (HS-SA) algorithm for the solution of the coordination problem in modern DNs that integrate DG
In a context where distribution networks are expected to operate under different scenarios, traditional approaches for overcurrent relays (OCRs) coordination may not be reliable for certain distribution network conditions

Summary

Introduction

The growth of distributed generation (DG) units within modern distribution networks (DNs) has opened up new possibilities in the diversification of energy supply, providing a better use of natural resources that contributes to sustainability. DNs leads to bi-directional power flows that alter the traditional load-generation dynamic interaction [1,2,3,4]. This interaction causes the problem of protection coordination to be more complex and challenging than in traditional DNs. In current DNs, DG units are mainly related to solar and wind power resources; as a consequence, the traditional protection systems developed for DNs must contend with their inherent intermittency. The inclusion of DG units has transformed the traditionally radial

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