Abstract
In the past decade, hybrid feedstock filaments of a thermoplastic composite matrix material have been prepared and investigated by researchers for useful engineering applications such as functional graded tiles, biocompatible scaffolds, etc. The use of additive manufacturing (AM) in construction work has attracted researchers toward development of a polymer matrix–based 3D-printable composite structure to repair non-structural wall cracks of heritage structures. The present study reports the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) thermoplastic composite-based hybrid feedstock filament may be programmed for 3D/4D printing applications as a novel solution for heritage repair. The hybrid feedstock filaments of PVDF composites (of two different compositions/proportions i.e. PVDF-graphene-Mn doped ZnO and PVDF-CaCO3 as a conductive and non-conductive material) were prepared in-house for electro-active and self-healing properties. The 4D properties may be induced in the 3D-printed composite structure of proposed hybrid filaments to repair irregular non-structural cracks of heritage buildings. The multifactor optimization of filament processing conditions highlights the most suitable process parameters to fabricate the 3D/4D printable hybrid feedstock filament of PVDF composite.
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