Hybrid fault tolerant control for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gasoline engine using Kalman filters with advanced redundancy

Arslan Ahmed Amin,Khalid Mahmood-Ul-Hasan

doi:10.1177/0020294019842593

Abstract

In this paper, a hybrid fault tolerant control system is proposed for air–fuel ratio control of internal combustion gasoline engines based on Kalman filters and triple modular redundancy. Hybrid fault tolerant control system possesses properties of both active fault tolerant control system and passive fault tolerant control system. As part of active fault tolerant control system, fault detection and isolation unit is designed using Kalman filters to provide estimated values of the sensors to the engine controller in case of faults in the sensors. As part of passive fault tolerant control system, a dedicated proportional–integral feedback controller is incorporated to maintain air–fuel ratio by adjusting the throttle actuator in the fuel supply line in faulty and noisy conditions for robustness to faults and sensors’ noise. Redundancy is proposed in the sensors and actuators as a simultaneous failure of more than one sensor, and failure of the single actuator will cause the engine shutdown. Advanced redundancy protocol triple modular redundancy is proposed for the sensors and dual redundancy is proposed for actuators. Simulation results in the MATLAB Simulink environment show that the proposed system remains stable during faults in the sensors and actuators. It also maintains air–fuel ratio without any degradation in the faulty conditions and is robust to noise. Finally, the probabilistic reliability analysis of the proposed model is carried out. The study shows that the proposed hybrid fault tolerant control system with redundant components presents a novel and highly reliable solution for the air–fuel ratio control in internal combustion engines to prevent engine shutdown and production loss for greater profits.

Highlights

Introduction to fault tolerant controlA fault is defined as the deviation of a plant parameter from its normal operating value
fault detection and isolation (FDI) is implemented in the model with Kalman filter (KF) for fault detection, isolation, and controller reconfiguration
The slightly different transient behavior with the Manifold Absolute Pressure (MAP) sensor fault is caused by the approximate output value obtained from the KF estimation block and is due to numerical computation of the model; it is quite negligible

Summary

Introduction

Introduction to fault tolerant controlA fault is defined as the deviation of a plant parameter from its normal operating value. A fault tolerant control system (FTCS) has the ability to operate under fault conditions and remain stable; some performance degradation may occur. Such systems are used in safety and mission critical applications such as airplanes, nuclear facilities and unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) where system failure must be avoided due to the safety of human lives, mission, and environment.[1,2,3,4]. FTCS are classified into two main categories: active and passive due to differences in their architectures and properties.[1,5,6] In the active fault tolerant control system (AFTCS), fault detection and isolation (FDI) performs core function to detect, locate, and isolate the faulty components in the system online. In FDI, the algorithm works on observer principle such that it generates a residual by comparing the plant parameter with

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion