Hybrid Development of a Compact Antenna Based on a Novel Skin-Matched Ceramic Composite for Body Fat Measurement

Siamak Sarjoghian,Theo G Saunders,Ardavan Rahimian,Yasir Alfadhl,Jiamin Liu,Clive G Parini

doi:10.3390/electronics9122139

Siamak Sarjoghian, Theo G Saunders + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics9122139

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Abstract

This work presents the thorough hybrid (numerical and experimental) development of a miniaturized microwave antenna, to be better matched to the permittivity of the human skin. This would allow the abdominal fat to be measured more accurately, based on the employed reflection methods with minimal mismatches. This objective was achieved by designing the pyramidal horn antenna that was modeled based on the proposed and manufactured ceramic composite material. Moreover, by using the developed composite of barium titanate and titanium oxide, the ratio of the two could be precisely adjusted, so that the permittivity was a reasonable match to that of the skin. This step was validated by the open-ended probe method. This framework can be instrumental in a range of microwave biomedical applications, which aim to realize the body-centric systems.

Highlights

Obesity and overweight are currently considered as the global risk factors to public health, resulting in the fast growth of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, and other health-related consequences
This is mainly due to the fact that abdominal fat is associated with other types of adipose tissues, accumulating around, as well as within the internal organs, such as the heart and kidneys [4]
It should be noted that the the electrical electrical properties properties of of the the tissue tissue layers layers were were imported imported from from the thedatabase databasewithin withinthe theCST

Summary

Introduction

Obesity and overweight are currently considered as the global risk factors to public health, resulting in the fast growth of cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, and other health-related consequences. The early diagnosis of fat accumulation in the human body, especially around the abdomen area, is important to prevent the growth of related diseases. Recent works have shown that abdominal fat results in higher health risks compared to the other types [2,3]. This is mainly due to the fact that abdominal fat is associated with other types of adipose tissues, accumulating around, as well as within the internal organs, such as the heart and kidneys [4]

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