Hybrid Dental Composites Biomechanical Properties

Claudia Nicoleta Feurdean,Arin Sava,Anca Ionel,Aranka Ilea,Anida-Maria Babtan,Ștefan Cristian Vesa ,Mărioara Moldovan ,Dan Buhățel ,Codruța Saroși ,Radu Septimiu Câmpian

doi:10.37358/mp.20.3.5381

Abstract

In the last two decades, both general and oral health status became more important for individuals, being associated to their quality of life, social provenance and income. Society�s evolution is associated to high expectations regarding edentulous and decays treatment. Metal filling such as gaudent or amalgam have been replaced by aesthetic materials, to achieve similarity to the patient�s genuine biological tissue. Along with the aesthetic demand, dental materials have to fulfill biocompatibility and mechanical properties proximate to healthy soft either hard tissues. Composite materials have the advantages of accomplishing biological and mechanical demands and to be accessible financially, compared to ceramics. Composites are classified according to the main monomer, filling, particles� dimension, addition of external molecules, this entirety having a direct influence on materials� properties. The objective of this prospective interventional in vitro study was to evaluate biomechanical properties of four different hybrid composites: Premise direct - Premise indirect (Kerr, Orange, California, USA), Gradia� Direct (GC, Alsip, Illinois, USA) and Ceramage� (SHOFU Dental, Ratinger, Germany). Vickers microhardness, compressive strenght, direct tensile strenght, water absorption and solubility were assessed. The results showed that microfilled hybrid composites UDMA (urethane dimethacrylate)-based monomer had the highest evaluations regarding Vickers microhardness, compressive strenght and tensile strenght, whereas water absorption was the highest for nanofilled hybrid Bis-GMA (bisphenol A-glycidyl methacrylate)/TEGDMA (triethylene glycol dimethacrylate), and solubility for microfilled hybrid UDMA based monomer.

Highlights

Along with the Minamata agreement regarding discontinuation of amalgam fillings in dentistry, resin-based materials were developed, especially for the posterior area [1]
Producers allege that introducing nanoparticles in composite enhances the increase of filler material percentage and implicitly stress endurance without affecting the viscosity [12]
The maximum degree of Wsp was recorded for all materials in the first week of the immersion, results which are in accord to the literature [34,35,36].We found a statistically significant correlation between the four composites in day 4 (p=0.002), and in day 8 all samples presented a reduction in water absorption degree, which afterwards increased from day 9

Summary

Introduction

Along with the Minamata agreement regarding discontinuation of amalgam fillings in dentistry, resin-based materials were developed, especially for the posterior area [1]. Filling materials are subdued to physicochemical forces (temperature oscillation, salivary enzymes, bacteria metabolites), which differ from a patient to another [2] This beginning of a new era of resin composites with a low molecule’s dimension, gives the dentists the opportunity to perform dental filling which are mechanical superior, along with an esthetic similar to natural teeth (the small particles give the chameleon-like properties and light reflection) [3]. The fillers have been developed in order to reduce material viscosity and to increase the esthetics, handling and degree of polishing; in association with the fillers, producers include precured resins (reduce the curing contraction), with let a higher filler concentration loading [4] Through this hybrid materials, dental materials suppliers try to obtain the highest filler concentration, with the lowest molecular dimension, in order to reduce intermolecular tension and to benefit of its advantages [5]

Methods

Results

Conclusion