Hybrid Decentralized Systems of Non-potable Water Supply: Performance and Effectiveness Analysis

Abstract

This article presents a study of Hybrid Rainwater/Greywater Systems (HRGS), with the objective of perceiving the main factors that influence their performance and how they can be optimized. For this goal, a decision support tool, that makes their dimensioning and performs an economic and performance analysis, was used for four different types of buildings: a single-family house, a multifamily building and two service buildings. For each case, distinct scenarios were defined, considering different end-uses of non-potable water, in order to evaluate the performance of the systems using effectiveness and performance indicators. Results show that the effectiveness of “non-potable water consumption” is influenced by two main factors: the final uses considered for non-potable water and the storage volume. In most of the study cases, values of effectiveness (ratio between the volume of non-potable water used and non-potable water demand for the final uses considered) greater than 50% were obtained. In the case of domestic buildings, such as single-family house and multifamily building effectiveness values above 67%, were obtained. And for the case of service buildings, the effectiveness was between 42.8 and 65.6% in one case, and between 12.9 and 93.6% for the other. The best performance of the studied hybrid systems is achieved when the volume of non-potable water used in the building is maximized, resulting in greater savings of potable water. In addition, the larger the fraction of greywater reused, the lower the volume of wastewater produced and sent directly to the sanitation network.