Abstract
Wireless charging provides continuous energy for wireless sensor networks. However, it is difficult to replenish enough energy for all sensor nodes with fixed charging alone, and even more unrealistic to charge a large number of nodes within a short time via mobile charging. In order to overcome the above weaknesses, this paper firstly puts forward a Master-Slave Charging mode for the WRSN (Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network), where fixed charging is the master mode and mobile charging is the slave mode, respectively. However, Master-Slave Charging is a typical hybrid system involving discrete event decision and continuous energy transfer. Therefore, the Hybrid Cyber Petri net system is proposed to build a visual specification with mathematical expression of Master-Slave Charging. Moreover, wireless charging in the WRSN is modeled and evaluated from the perspective of a hybrid system for the first time. Furthermore, a greedy-genetic algorithm is proposed to obtain the deployment of fixed chargers and the path planning of a mobile charger, by maximizing the actual electric quantity of the master charging problem and minimizing the mobile charger’s travelling path of the slave charging problem. Finally, the simulation results confirm and verify the Hybrid Cyber Petri net model for Master-Slave Charging. It is worth noting that the proposed model in this paper is highly adaptable to various charging modes in the WRSN.
Highlights
With the development of wireless charging, the Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network (WRSN) has become an important research field, which is widely used in environmental monitoring and protection, industrial manufacturing, intelligent transportation and so on
To solve the Wireless Charging Nodes (WCNs) deployment optimization problem, Sun et al presented an Improved Firefly Algorithm (IFA), which adopts a novel adaptive attractiveness factor, and introduced a dynamic location update mechanism to enhance the performance of the normal firefly algorithm [27]
The model of energy consumption and wireless charging is first introduced, and the Hybrid Cyber Petri net System (HCPNS) is proposed on the basis of ordinary Petri net, in order to model the wireless charging for the WRSN simultaneously from mathematical and visual perspectives
Summary
With the development of wireless charging, the Wireless Rechargeable Sensor Network (WRSN) has become an important research field, which is widely used in environmental monitoring and protection, industrial manufacturing, intelligent transportation and so on. There are two main types of power carrier: fixed charger and mobile charger The former is easy to maintain and can effectively supplement the energy of sensor nodes within the radiation radius, yet it is difficult to replenish enough power outside the radiation. Due to limited energy of the mobile charger, the other challenge is to short its moving distance as much as possible For this purpose, MasterSlave Charging (MSC) is constructed. The Hybrid Cyber Petri net System (HCPNS) is presently used for the purpose of describing wireless charging’s energy flow, data flow and control flow mathematically and visually This is a formal specification with continuous time layer, discrete time layer and discrete event layer. The Hybrid Cyber Petri net System is proposed based on the classical Petri net to model the Master-Slave Charging.
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