Abstract
Hybrid Blind Audio Watermarking for Proprietary Protection, Tamper Proofing, and Self-Recovery
Highlights
Rapid advancements in information-and-communications technology have led to an explosion in the quantity of multimedia data as well as the illicit use and/or tampering of this data
As characterized by the quantifier ‘‘2N − ary’’, we extend the number of embeddable bits for each targeted coefficient, calling it 2N − ary adaptive quantization index modulation (AQIM)
Note that rational dither modulation (RDM)-MV originated from RDM; we provided bit error rate (BER) results for the RDM scheme operating at 4551.8 bps
Summary
Rapid advancements in information-and-communications technology have led to an explosion in the quantity of multimedia data as well as the illicit use and/or tampering of this data. The fact that audio signals vary in frequency and time domains means that the embedding strength of RDM and AQIM should be adjusted adaptively in accordance with energy variations across the frames in each band. Our goal here is to develop an efficient scheme capable of producing robust yet imperceptible watermarks with a payload capacity exceeding 1.5 kbps This was achieved by embedding a total of 230 watermark bits in the 3rd-level approximation subband for each frame of 832 × 8 audio samples, or equivalently 832 approximation coefficients after 3-level LWT. We use AQIM to perform the actual embedding of the watermark; the third formulation is named ‘‘DCT-AQIM’’ We require another 14 DCT coefficients to serve as the energy balance buffer. The use of a smooth transition tends to enhance the perceived quality by preventing the rendering of clicks caused by the DCT-AQIM
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