Hybrid bionic control system for prostheses: a review

Abstract

The legs and hands are the most susceptible to loss and this is due to the fact that they are prominent external organs in the human body. With increasing disasters, accidents, wars and diseases the loss of limbs is increasing, making the individual restricted in freedom and movement and pursuing to find alternatives to improve the individual's life is extremely important. Modern bionic prostheses are the best alternatives to replace amputated ones to perform both aesthetic and functional tasks. On this basis and by analyzing the most common and used methods in prosthetics management as the electroencephalography (EEG), electromyography (EMG), and functional near- infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) methods, knowing their advantages and disadvantages, comparing them and documenting their results from the outputs of literature and previous experimental studies, whether in individual use or hybrid use.In the light of these data, this article highlights the most common technologies and considers their superiority and insuperiority, which can be suitable for the formation of a hybrid bionic control system for prostheses or rehabilitation and restoration of lost functions. Based on the most important studies that have dealt with these technologies whereas individually or in their hybrid state. In addition, this article provides an encouraging outlook for those interested in scientific research to research, compare, identify and characterise superior hybrid systems related to exoskeletal control systems and in particular prostheses.