Abstract
This present study developed two predictive and associative Bayesian network models to forecast the tolerable travel time of university students to campus. This study considered the built environment experiences of university students during their early life-course as the main predictors of this study. The Bayesian network models were hybridized with the Pearson chi-square test to select the most relevant variables to predict the tolerable travel time. Two predictive models were developed. The first model was applied only to the variables of the built environment, while the second model was applied to all variables that were identified using the Pearson chi-square tests. The results showed that most students were inclined to choose the tolerable travel time of 0–20 min. Among the built environment predictors, the availability of residential buildings in the neighborhood in the age periods of 14–18 was the most important. Taking all the variables into account, distance from students’ homes to campuses was the most important. The findings of this research imply that the built environment experiences of people during their early life-course may affect their future travel behaviors and tolerance. Besides, the outcome of this study can help planners create more sustainable commute behaviors among people in the future by building more compact and mixed-use neighborhoods.
Highlights
Travel time (TT) is viewed as a necessary university-related activity and functions as a link between home and university campus
This study aims to predict the tolerable travel time of the university students to the campus considering their past built environment experiences
The older students might be involved in some family matters or might have had less free time, and had much less time for filling in the online questionnaire
Summary
Travel time (TT) is viewed as a necessary university-related activity and functions as a link between home and university campus. Sustainability 2022, 14, 325 in distance and complexity This complexity may be increased if certain activities which link the travel and family are incorporated (e.g., the school operated or residential location decisions when spouses in households pursue careers) according to Wheatley [1]. This travel time spent can be regarded as both “productive” and a “waste of time”. Several studies assessed the relationship between the TT and all daily activities and work duration [6,7]. Many academic studies analyzed the reciprocity between built environment (BE) attributes and the TT [9–14]
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