Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA), a major component of extracellular matrix has been widely applied in pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries due to its reported pharmacological properties. Various types of HA drug delivery system including nanoparticles, cryogel-based formulations, microneedle patches, and nano-emulsions were developed. There are studies reporting that several HA-based transdermal delivery systems exhibit excellent biocompatibility, enhanced permeability and efficient localized release of anti-psoriasis drugs and have shown to inhibit psoriasis-associated skin inflammation. Similarly HA is found in abundant at epidermis of atopic dermatitis (AD) suggesting its role in atopic AD pathology. Anti-allergenic effect of atopic eczema can be achieved through the inhibition of CD44 and protein kinase C alpha (PKCα) interaction by HA. Herein, we aim to evaluate the current innovation on HA drug delivery system and the other potential applications of HA in inflammatory skin diseases, focusing on atopic dermatitis and psoriasis. HA is typically integrated into different delivery systems including nanoparticles, liposomes, ethosomes and microneedle patches in supporting drug penetration through the stratum corneum layer of the skin. For instance, ethosomes and microneedle delivery system such as curcumin-loaded HA-modified ethosomes were developed to enhance skin retention and delivery of curcumin to CD44-expressing psoriatic cells whereas methotrexate-loaded HA-based microneedle was shown to enhance skin penetration of methotrexate to alleviate psoriasis-like skin inflammation. HA-based nanoparticles and pluronic F-127 based dual responsive (pH/temperature) hydrogels had been described to enhance drug permeation through and into the intact skin for AD treatment.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONSkin as the first line of defense against infection is made up of three main layers which vary in functions and anatomy: epidermis (outer layer), dermis (middle layer) and hypodermis (bottom layer) (Prost-Squarcioni, 2006)
Skin as the first line of defense against infection is made up of three main layers which vary in functions and anatomy: epidermis, dermis and hypodermis (Prost-Squarcioni, 2006)
The objective of this review is to review the role of Hyaluronic acid (HA) as a drug delivery system in inflammatory skin diseases namely psoriasis and atopic dermatitis
Summary
Skin as the first line of defense against infection is made up of three main layers which vary in functions and anatomy: epidermis (outer layer), dermis (middle layer) and hypodermis (bottom layer) (Prost-Squarcioni, 2006) As it interacts with environment, skin acts as a protector against diseases, excessive water loss, UV damage, mechanical injury, and helps in regulate body temperature (Logger et al, 2019). Atopic dermatitis (AD), a common chronic inflammatory skin disease poses a significant threat to both patient and the economy. It affects the quality of individual life as well as their families (Kapur et al, 2018). The objective of this review is to review the role of HA as a drug delivery system in inflammatory skin diseases namely psoriasis and atopic dermatitis
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