Hyaluronic Acid-Based Nanocapsules as Efficient Delivery Systems of Garlic Oil Active Components with Anticancer Activity.

Małgorzata Janik-Hazuka,Cezary Watała,Joanna Szafraniec-Szczęsny,Maria Wróbel,Aleksandra Kmak,Kamil Kamiński,Szczepan Zapotoczny,Hassan Kassassir,Marta Kaczor-Kamińska

doi:10.3390/nano11051354

Małgorzata Janik-Hazuka, Cezary Watała + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11051354

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Abstract

Diallyl disulfide (DADS) and diallyl trisulfide (DATS) are garlic oil compounds exhibiting beneficial healthy properties including anticancer action. However, these compounds are sparingly water-soluble with a limited stability that may imply damage to blood vessels or cells after administration. Thus, their encapsulation in the oil-core nanocapsules based on a derivative of hyaluronic acid was investigated here as a way of protecting against oxidation and undesired interactions with blood and digestive track components. The nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) technique was used to follow the oxidation processes. It was proved that the shell of the capsule acts as a barrier limiting the sulfur oxidation, enhancing the stability of C=C bonds in DADS and DATS. Moreover, it was shown that the encapsulation inhibited the lysis of the red blood cell membrane (mainly for DADS) and interactions with serum or digestive track components. Importantly, the biological functions and anticancer activity of DADS and DATS were preserved after encapsulation. Additionally, the nanocapsule formulations affected the migration of neoplastic cells—a desirable preliminary observation concerning the inhibition of migration. The proposed route of administration of these garlic extract components would enable reaching their higher concentrations in blood, longer circulation in a bloodstream, and thus, imply a better therapeutic effect.

Highlights

Nowadays, there is increasing interest in and need for the development of chemoprevention against cancer that includes the application of phytochemicals, which are dietary natural compounds
Self-organization is realized by hydrophobically modified hyaluronic acid (HA) which acts as the shell and the stabilizer through the immersion of the hydrophobic alkyl chains inside the oil core
To investigate how oral administration can affect the properties of HA-based delivery system, we examined the properties of nanocapsules in digestive enzyme solutions: amylase and lipase and in simulated gastric juice (SGJ), which is characterized by low pH (1.8)

Summary

Introduction

There is increasing interest in and need for the development of chemoprevention against cancer that includes the application of phytochemicals, which are dietary natural compounds. Their anticancer action may be realized through the prevention, delay or inhibition of cancerogenesis. The biological and medical impact of plant compounds has been proven by molecular and epidemiologic studies showing a significant influence of diet on anticancer effects [1,2,3,4]. There are numerous anticancer phytochemicals, including fatty acids, vitamins, antioxidant phenolic, dietary fiber, flavonoids, polyphenols etc. We focus on garlic compounds, the phytochemicals with a number of beneficial pro-health effects (i.e., anticancer, antifungal, antimicrobial, antithrombotic, supporting 4.0/).

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