HVJに関する研究 (第10報)

Abstract

Up to now, only two viruses are known to produce hemolytis in vitro, mumps and Newcastle disease. However, during the course of studies on Hemagglutinating Virus of Japan (HVJ), previously known as Newborn Pneumonitis Virus or Sendai Virus, hemolytic activity of the virus on chicken or guinea pig cells has been noticed. As two schools in this country have already ovserved the same fact, this paper chiefly concerns to further explanation of this property, especially from the view-point that whether the differentiation between the phenomenon of elution and that of hemoysis is possible or not.On the purification procedure of the virus, using adsorption to and elution from chicken red cells, both hemagglutinin and hemolytic activities detected in the infected allantoic fluid have been recovered in the same manner. Specific immune serum against the virus inhibited the hemolysis as well as hemagglutinin. These results may suggest that the hemolytic activity is intrinsic character of the virus itself and is not due to other constituents of the allantoic fluid.The mediation of the hemolysis through the same receptors of red cells as are concerned with hemagglutination has been also confirmed by the fact that cells could be rendered insusceptible to hemolysis by treatment with enzyme RDE or by the action of influenza virus PR 8. The result described above will indicate that the adsorption of virus to red cell is an indispensable step for viral hemolysis to follow.Further kinetic studies on the hemolysis after adsorption, revealed the difference between the phenomenom of elution and that of hemolysis. When cells on the course of elution at 37°C was chilled, the elution will not follow so far, but the hemolysis will continue in the same manner as when these cells were kept at 37°C. Moreover, when adsorbed cells were kept under different temperature, the characteristics of elution curve was quite different from the curve of hemolysis.In final experiment, eluting ability, enzymatic activity and hemolytic activity of both formalin treated virus and purified virus with methanol have been compared with that of untreated virus. Methanol treated virus did agglutinate chicken red cells, eluted from cells as well as that of control. Moreover, the treated virus had full activity of enzyme to destroy α-inhibitor. Never the less, hemolytic activity has completely lost after methanol treatment. Thus the dissociation of luting activity and hemolytic activity has been established with treated virus. The difference of heat stability found between the hemolytic property and hemagglutinin was also in favour of this conclusion.However, by means of ultraviolet irradiation or by treatment with sodium periodate, the hemolytic property of the virus was not differentated from the eluting activity.