Abstract
The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive together with the Energy Efficiency Directive and Renewable Energy Sources Directive define the frame and target state for energy performance of the existing building stock. This should be very energy efficient and decarbonised by 2050. The Finnish target is more ambitious, to achieve the target state already in 2035. In this paper, we discuss and concretise the role of HVAC in overcoming the challenge. Buildings in the Nordic countries are already very energy efficient. Structural improvements of energy efficiency are relatively expensive and have limited potential for energy saving. The best cost-benefit ratio can be obtained by combining HVAC with dynamic building automation systems. Also the EPBD calls for improvement of building automation systems and related measurements in new as well as existing buildings. The performance of buildings can be verified and deviations can be detected by monitoring-based commissioning during their life cycle. This means that special attention must be paid to the instrumentation level and an improved online reporting system for stakeholders. As a conclusion, we see that HVAC systems are in a key role in decarbonisation of existing buildings and a strategic sector on the way to a carbon-neutral society.
Highlights
In this paper, we present the long-term renovation strategy of Finland [6]
The long-term Finnish renovation strategy 2020-2050 outlines how the present building stock is transformed to highly energy efficient and almost carbon-free by 2050
Due to the limited public-sector resources, financing has to be found in various EU funds, revenues from trading greenhouse gas (GHG) emission allowances, state’s other budget resources and private funds through market-based services
Summary
The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive [1] together with the Renewable Energy Sources Directive [2] and the Energy Efficiency Directive [3] define the frame and target state for energy performance of the existing building stock. The Kyoto Protocol and the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) honour both the long-term commitment to limit and reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in accordance with agreed individual targets and maintain the global temperature rise below 2 °C [4]. Buildings are crucial to achieve the Union objective of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 80-95% compared to 1990 by 2050. The recast directive moved the legal framework to 2030 and set a new binding renewable energy target of a minimum of 32% for the EU by 2030. With the European Green Deal, the EU is increasing its climate ambition and aims
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