Abstract
The paper analyzes and compares the perspectives for reducing the energy consumption associated to the operation of Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning system for climatic control of large-size non-residential buildings. Three different control strategies are considered comparing the use of boiler and heat pumps as heating systems and analyzing the use of demand-controlled ventilation, operating on the effective occupancy of the building. The control strategies are applied to two different educational buildings with shapes representative of typical educational structures. The results of the analysis show how the energy consumption can be reduced up to 70%, shifting from the actual values of the energy intensity of over 300 kWh/m2 for year to values of less than 100 kWh/m2 per year. The significance of the energy savings achieved in such different buildings has led to the identification of a possible benchmark for HVAC systems in the next future years which could help reach the environmental targets in this sector.
Highlights
36% of final energy use and 39% of energy and process-related CO2 emissions are connected to the civil/residential sector [1]
Considering the buildings for civil/residential use, the energy consumption is evaluated by means of the values of energy intensity (EI), which accounts for the annual energy use of the building per floor area
Meteorological factors such as the temperature of the site are known to have a major influence on the energy consumption, the variability can be found at a local level emphasizing the importance of the other factors: values of EI ranging from 50 kWh/m2 to 430 kWh/m2 are reported referring to the city of Shanghai in [4],; values from 120 kWh/m2 to 730 kWh/m2 and from 140 kWh/m2 to 430 kWh/m2 are reported referring to large buildings in some cities of the USA as New York and Chicago in [5]
Summary
36% of final energy use and 39% of energy and process-related CO2 emissions are connected to the civil/residential sector [1]. In a previous paper [18], the authors have shown how a significant energy consumption reduction, of about 80%, can be achieved in a large academic building with the use of electrically driven heat pumps (HPs), of Variable Air Volume (VAV) systems, and of Demand Controlled Ventilation (DCV), compared to a benchmark solution involving the use of fossil fuels and a Constant Air Volume (CAV) system This has led to the identification of a fossil-fuel-free generation and an occupancy-aware ventilation as the possible keys to improve the energy management in the building sector on full scale. The comparison between the implementation of the different HVAC control strategies to the two different buildings considered will be undertaken by means of the dynamic simulation of the plant and building systems
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