Abstract
The high penetration of renewable power generators and various loads have brought a great challenge for dispatching energy in a microgrid system. Heating ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) system, as a household appliance with high popularity, can be considered as an effective technology to alleviate energy dispatch issues. This paper presents novel distributed algorithms based on HVAC to solve the demand side management problem, where the microgrid system with HVAC units is considered as a multi-agent system (MAS). The approach provides a desirable operating frequency signal for each HVAC based on the power mismatch value occurring on each local bus. It utilizes demand response of the HVAC units to minimize the supply-demand mismatch, thus reducing the quantity and capacity of energy storage devices potentially to be required. Compared with existing approaches focusing on the distributed algorithms under a fixed communication network, this paper addresses a consensus problem under a switching topology by using the Lyapunov argument. It is verified that a jointly strong and connected topology is a sufficient condition in order to achieve an average consensus for a time-varying topology. A number of cases are studied to evaluate the effectiveness of the algorithms by taking into account its power constraints, dynamic behaviors, anti-damage characteristics and time-varying communication topology. Modelling these system interactions has demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed microgrid system.
Highlights
There is a significant growth in the renewable power generation, which poses a great challenge to the power grid, due to its intermittency and uncertainty
To solve the demand side management problem, where the microgrid system with Heating ventilation air conditioning (HVAC) units is considered as a multi-agent system (MAS)
We show that the Demand side management (DSM) problem can be converted to a distributed consensus problem, which is solved by an average consensus approach
Summary
There is a significant growth in the renewable power generation, which poses a great challenge to the power grid, due to its intermittency and uncertainty. In [19], authors developed an advanced algorithm to overcome the power imbalance caused by wind uncertainty Another example was to apply the distributed algorithm to a hybrid energy storage system in the DC microgrid with a load sharing strategy, where the frequency stability in a microgrid system was improved [20]. HVAC loads will alleviate the power imbalance caused by intermittent and uncontrollable renewable power generation and stochastic load demands This new type of load consumption pattern is modulated to fit the power mismatch of the entire microgrid system whilst minimizing the capacity of energy storage devices potentially required in the system. The novelty of research presented in this paper is that the distributed consensus algorithms are, for the first time, designed to accommodate the HVAC model under different interaction topologies to address the power mismatch problem.
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