Abstract
This research is concerned with the influence of the Shi’a sectarian doctrine on the appearance of a new kind of mosques that was only known in the Shi’a Islamic world, the models of which reached Iran and Iraq. In fact, it is known that the appearance of the architecture of mosques was directly related to the Muhammadian Call and the rise of Islam before the establishment of the Prophet (pbuh) Mosque. On the other hand, the appearance of Hussaini in the 4 th Century A.H. was directly related to the political circumstances of the Abbasid State at that time. Later on, Hussaini buildings were intermittently established in relation to the governments and the ruling systems of the Islamic world, with their intellectual and sectarian tends. However, they spread in the Safavid and Qajared Eras in Iran, and the Safavid Age in Iraq, especially Shah Abbas Ι in 995-1038 A.H. / 1587-1629. As for the main factor that influenced the architecture of such mosques, it is the sectarian factor that is related to the Shiite intellect, corners and main branches, which of course differs from one sect to another depending on the diverse and spreading Shi’a ideologies. Since this research is mainly concerned with the Hussaini architecture in Iran, the focus will be on the influence of the Shiite sectarian thought of the Twelver on the former. It also refers to the differences between the horizontal plan, the units and the elements of the architecture of such mosques and that of the main mosques spreading in Islamic world, which are related to all the Muslims with their different ideologies. Moreover, the research will reveal the connection between such differences and the function of the Shiite mosques. Finally, it will shed light on the technical units and elements of symbolic significance that decorate the corners and angles of Hussaini buildings from the inside and sometimes on the outside, and how they directly and bluntly relate to the Shiite thought.
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