Abstract
Intraperitoneal adhesion is a common complication after abdominal surgery, which seriously affects the quality of life of patients. HuoXueTongFu Formula (HXTF) plays an important role in the prevention and treatment of intraperitoneal adhesions. However, the molecular-related mechanisms are still not fully known. In this study, the model of Intrapetitoneal adhesion was established by cecum abrasion and treated with HXTF for one week. RAW264.7 cells were given LPS, IFN-γ, IL-4, HXTF-medicated serum, and PPAR-γ agonist/antagonist, respectively. Histopathology, flow cytometry, ELISA, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were used to further detect the related protein, M1/M2 polarization tendency, and PPAR-γ nuclear translocation. The deposition of collagen fibres reduced in the local area of rats after the operation with HXTF treatment. Similar to IL-4, HXTF induced a tendency for macrophages to polarize toward M2 and promoted peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) nuclear translocation. Furthermore, the use of HXTF and PPAR-γ agonists downregulated macrophage M1 polarization-related factors IL-1, IL-6, and TNF-alpha and upregulated M2 polarization-related factors IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-beta 1. Meanwhile, the use of HXTF and PPAR-γ agonists downregulated the SOCS3/JAK2/STAT1 pathway and activated the SOCS1/STAT6/PPAR-γ pathway. These results show that HXTF may reduce intraperitoneal adhesion by inducing macrophage M2 polarization and regulating the SOCS/JAK2/STAT/PPAR-γ pathway.
Highlights
Intraperitoneal adhesions have been reported to occur after 93-100% of upper abdominal laparotomy and 67-93% of lower abdominal laparotomy [1], but the location, severity, time, and type of symptoms are different [2]
We found that SOCS3, JAK2, STAT1, p-JAK2, and p-STAT1 were activated in the LPS+IFN-γ group and that SOCS1, STAT6, PPAR-γ, pSTAT6, and p-PPAR-γ were inhibited compared to the control group, whereas the IL-4 group showed the opposite effect on these factors (Figure 4)
We found that the expression of SOCS1, STAT6, PPAR-γ, p-STAT6, and p-PPAR-γ increased and the expression of SOCS3, JAK2, STAT1, p-JAK2, and p-STAT1 decreased after the use of RSG (Figure 7(a))
Summary
Intraperitoneal adhesions have been reported to occur after 93-100% of upper abdominal laparotomy and 67-93% of lower abdominal laparotomy [1], but the location, severity, time, and type of symptoms are different [2]. They exist in the form of tiny vascularized membranes to actual connective tissue bridges that may contain blood vessels and nerve structures or direct bonding contacts between adjacent organs. This “bridge” may lead to abdominal pain, intestinal obstruction, infertility, and difficulty in reoperation [3]. It is necessary to prevent and treat abdominal adhesions, whether for the health of patients or for relieving the burden of medical care
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