Abstract
Soil erosion is a catastrophic problem for the world's environment, including agro-ecosystems in erosion-dangerous regions of Russia. Studies were performed in the most eroded district (Krasnogvardeiskiy) of the most eroded area (Belgorod) in the Central Chernozem zone of Russia. The aim was to study the effect of soil-protecting technologies on the dynamics of organic matter in soil monitoring survey system in real conditions of agricultural production during 27-29 years. As a result, positive dynamics of organic matter content in soils of two model facilities and the district as a whole was found. During the studied period, the content of organic matter in the soils of the Repny Log facility increased by 0.30% in the 0-20 cm layer, and by 0.75% in the 20-40 cm layer, in the soils of the Range facility - by 0.79% (20 -40 cm) and by 0.50% (20-40 cm), in whole for the Krasnogvardeiskiy district - by 0.4%. However, the rate and direction of the soil-forming process in various periods of time have been non-uniform and depended on the degree of landscape agricultural systems development, as well as on the relief conditions and the state of soil cover. While in the 0-20 cm soil layer of the Repny Log facility there was first a 10-fold reduction in organic matter loss followed by its accumulation at the rate of 0.05% per year, the 20-40 cm layer is initially characterized by a statistically significant increase in this indicator. Study of humus soil status of the Range facility established a statistically significant increase in organic matter content in topsoil and subsoil by 29% and 20%, respectively, for the whole water catchment. Thus, landscape agricultural systems are able not only to reduce the rate of soil erosion, but also to prevent it and to enhance soil fertility. This provides a basis for decision-making about their large-scale development in erosion-dangerous regions with intensive agricultural production.
Highlights
1.1 The Problem of Soil Erosion in the WorldDespite a long history and a planetary scale, the problem of soil erosion does not cease to be relevant
The content of organic matter in the soils of the "Repny Log" facility increased by 0.30% in the 0-20 cm layer, and by 0.75% in the 20-40 cm layer, in the soils of the "Krasnogvardeiskiy Range" facility - by 0.79% (20 - 40 cm) and by 0.50% (20-40 cm), in whole for the Krasnogvardeiskiy district - by 0.4%
The study of soil fertility under the influence of Landscape Agricultural Systems is assessed by changes in organic matter content in soil
Summary
1.1 The Problem of Soil Erosion in the WorldDespite a long history and a planetary scale, the problem of soil erosion does not cease to be relevant. According to expert estimates (Lal, 1994; Speth, 1994), the majority of agricultural land is exposed to erosion; 80% - to moderate and severe erosion, and 10% - to slight erosion. This resulted in loss of productivity of almost a third of the world's arable land during the last 40 years (Kendall and Pimental, 1994; World Resources...,1994). The average rate of soil loss due to wind and water erosion around the world is about 30 t/ha per year, ranging from 0.5 to 400 t/ha (Pimental et al, 1995). Erosion losses growth is noteworthy (Management Models..., 1998; Vasenev, Vaseneva 2003)
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