Abstract
Humour Comprehension and Use of Mental State Language in Williams Syndrome and Down Syndrome
Highlights
The results showed that individuals with schizophrenia had significantly lower scores for both joke types compared to controls, but the schizophrenia patients performed significantly lower on theory of mind (ToM) jokes compared to physical jokes relative to healthy controls
The authors found that individuals with Williams Syndrome (WS) performed similar to typically developing children and performance was significantly better than individuals with ASD
Tager-Flusberg and Sullivan presented stories to children who were asked to explain the actions of the main character e.g. “why did Sally run when the dog gets up? The results indicated that there was no significant difference between WS and Prader-Willi Syndrome in the number of mental state explanations, but overall both groups used more desire words relative to emotion and cognition words
Summary
The first aim of the study was to examine humour comprehension (understanding of picture jokes) in WS and DS both relative to one another and relative to typically developing CA and MA matched controls. The second aim was to compare use of mental state language across the four groups. The final aim was to investigate how use of mental state language related to the understanding of humour. It was hypothesized that once IQ was controlled WS and DS groups would display similar levels of humour understanding and significantly lower humour comprehension scores than the CA matched control group. No significant difference in performance was expected between WS, DS and their MA matched controls. Regarding the use of mental state language, it was expected that: WS participants would not differ significantly from CA matched or MA matched controls in their use of mental state language; WS would produce moremental state language compared to DS participants; DS participants would provide less mental state language compared to CA and MA matched controls. It was predicted that a higher score on humour comprehension would be associated with higher usage of mental state words in the explanation
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