Abstract
In horses, Clostridium perfringens is associated with acute and fatal enterocolitis, which is caused by a beta toxin (CPB), and myonecrosis, which is caused by an alpha toxin (CPA). Although the most effective way to prevent these diseases is through vaccination, specific clostridial vaccines for horses against C. perfringens are not widely available. The aim of this study was to pioneer the immunization of horses with three different concentrations (100, 200 and 400 µg) of C. perfringens recombinant alpha (rCPA) and beta (rCPB) proteins, as well as to evaluate the humoral immune response over 360 days. Recombinant toxoids were developed and applied to 50 horses on days 0 and 30. Those vaccines attempted to stimulate the production of alpha antitoxin (anti-CPA) and beta antitoxin (anti-CPB), in addition to becoming innocuous, stable and sterile. There was a reduction in the level of neutralizing anti-CPA and anti-CPB antibodies following the 60th day; therefore, the concentrations of 200 and 400 µg capable of inducing a detectable humoral immune response were not determined until day 180. In practical terms, 200 µg is possibly the ideal concentration for use in the veterinary industry’s production of vaccines against the action of C. perfringens in equine species.
Highlights
IntroductionC. perfringens is associated with clinical presentations of acute myonecrosis that are caused by toxin type A or by the direct action of caused by an alpha toxin (CPA)
Clostridium infections are a group of important domestic animal diseases caused by exotoxins produced by the bacteria of the genus Clostridium
Toxin-induced infections caused by C. perfringens in horses were found to determine super-acute conditions, most of them were unresponsive to treatments [6,8]
Summary
C. perfringens is associated with clinical presentations of acute myonecrosis that are caused by toxin type A or by the direct action of CPA This leads to hemorrhagic edema and gas formation in subcutaneous tissue, as well as adjacent muscles that crackle upon palpation [4,5,6] and severe cases of hemorrhagic enterocolitis in adult animals hemorrhagic edema and gas formation in subcutaneous tissue, as well as adjacent muscles that crackle upon palpation [4,5,6] and severe cases of hemorrhagic enterocolitis in adult animals and neonatal foals [7,8,9,10], caused by a CPB-induced type C toxin infection. This disease is usually acute and super-acute, with a generally fatal outcome [4,9]. 2 of 6 It is difficult to eradicate C. perfringens and any other species of the same genus because this bacterial agent is ubiquitous as a commensal microbiota in the gastrointestinal tracatnodfnheeoanlatthayl faonalism[7a–ls1.0I],t caalusosehdabsyaahCigPhB-sinpdourcueldattiyopnecCaptoaxciintyin, freecmtioanin. iTnhgisvdiiasbealesefoisr long peruiosudasllywaitchuitne atnhdeseunpverir-aocnumtee, nwtith[2a].gTenheerraelflyorfea,tatlhoeutmcoomset [e4f,f9e].ctive prophylaxis against these toIxt iisndiinffifecuctlitotonseriasdtihcartoeuCg. hpervfaricncgiennastainodn a[n1y1]o.tHheorwspeevcieers,otfhteheinsdamusetgreianlups rboedcauucsteion of toxtohiidssbaccotnetraiailnainggenCt .ispuerbfirqinugiteonussaanstaigceonmsmisencosasltlmyiacrnodbicootansinistthseogfassetvroeirnatlesmtinanalutfraaccturing stepofs.hIetaaltlhsyo arenqimuiarles.s sItpaelcsioalhcaasrae hreiggharsdpionrgulbaitoiosnafceatpyafcoitry,wroemrkaeirnsinagndviathbeleefnovr ilroonngment, andpeCriloodsstrwiditihuimn thperoendvuicroensmloewnt t[o2]x.iTnhleervefeolsrei,nthveimtroos[t1e2ff]e. cItnivaedpdroitpihoynlatxoisaallgoaifntsht itsh,etsoe date, thetroexhinaivnefebcetieonnsnios cthormoumghervcaiacclivnaatcicoinne[1s1a].vHaiolawbelveeor,nthteheinmduasrtkrieatl apgroadinuscttiCon. poefrtforixnogidenss that arecroenctoaimnimngenCd. epderffroinrgheonsrsaenst.igens is costly and consists of several manufacturing steps
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